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在 vps 上部署了几个服务：nextcloud、ttrss、siyuan。这些服务监听着不同的端口，从浏览器访问时，必须输入特定的端口才能连上对应的服务。于是我突发奇想，何不效仿 dns 做法，用直观的名字去映射难记的数字呢？说干就干，决定用反向代理软件 Nginx，实现我这个想法。">
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在 vps 上部署了几个服务：nextcloud、ttrss、siyuan。这些服务监听着不同的端口，从浏览器访问时，必须输入特定的端口才能连上对应的服务。于是我突发奇想，何不效仿 dns 做法，用直观的名字去映射难记的数字呢？说干就干，决定用反向代理软件 Nginx，实现我这个想法。" />
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在 vps 上部署了几个服务：nextcloud、ttrss、siyuan。这些服务监听着不同的端口，从浏览器访问时，必须输入特定的端口才能连上对应的服务。于是我突发奇想，何不效仿 dns 做法，用直观的名字去映射难记的数字呢？说干就干，决定用反向代理软件 Nginx，实现我这个想法。"><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2021-04-05T13:35:21+00:00" />
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在 vps 上部署了几个服务：nextcloud、ttrss、siyuan。这些服务监听着不同的端口，从浏览器访问时，必须输入特定的端口才能连上对应的服务。于是我突发奇想，何不效仿 dns 做法，用直观的名字去映射难记的数字呢？说干就干，决定用反向代理软件 Nginx，实现我这个想法。"/>

	
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      <h1 class="f1 athelas mt3 mb1">利用Nginx实现服务请求按名称分发——再也不用担心记不住端口号啦</h1>
      
      
      
      <time class="f6 mv4 dib tracked" datetime="2021-04-05T13:35:21Z">April 5, 2021</time>
      

      
      
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    <div class="nested-copy-line-height lh-copy serif f4 nested-links nested-img mid-gray pr4-l w-two-thirds-l"><h3 id="缘起">缘起</h3>
<p>在 vps 上部署了几个服务：nextcloud、ttrss、siyuan。这些服务监听着不同的端口，从浏览器访问时，必须输入特定的端口才能连上对应的服务。于是我突发奇想，何不效仿 dns 做法，用直观的名字去映射难记的数字呢？说干就干，决定用反向代理软件 Nginx，实现我这个想法。</p>
<h3 id="实现方法">实现方法</h3>
<p>在 Nginx 中配置一个虚拟服务器端口，做为分发前的总入口，然后利用 location 字段，针对不同路径做分发，重定向至对应服务的端口，即可。具体如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">  server <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
    listen 127.0.0.1:8080;

    location ~ /ttrss <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
      <span style="color:#75715e">#access_log /home/wanghb/nginx-log/ttrss-access.log;</span>
      <span style="color:#75715e">#error_log /home/wanghb/nginx-log/ttrss-error.log debug;</span>

      <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">301</span> http://$server_name:portA;
    <span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
    location ~ /nextcloud <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
      <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">301</span> http://$server_name:portB/apps/dashboard/;
    <span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
    location ~ /siyuan <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>

      <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">301</span> http://$server_name:portC/stage/build/desktop/;
    <span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
    location / <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
      proxy_pass https://wanghuibin0.github.io;
    <span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
  <span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="效果">效果</h3>
<p>效果就是，在浏览器输入 <code>https://server-name:8080/ttrss</code>，能自动重定向到 ttrss 服务的端口去，其他两个服务亦然。最后一个 <code>location / {}</code> 块的含义是，如果与前面都不匹配，就默认反向代理自己的博客网站。</p>
<p>ps:</p>
<p>最开始，想用 <code>proxy_pass</code> 反向代理的方式实现路径分流，但是对 Nginx 配置不熟，捣鼓半天也没成功，后来改为 <code>return 301</code> 重定向的方法，很容易达到了自己想要的效果。</p>
<p>pps:</p>
<p>中间曾觉得 Nginx 配置太复杂，一度想换 caddy 做。但是在了解 caddy 的过程中，发现 caddy 也不是完美的，简单是简单一些，但灵活性不如 Nginx。后来遂换回 Nginx。不过现在想想，如果只是简单的重定向，caddy 应该也是能够胜任的。</p><ul class="pa0">
  
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     <a href="/tags/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" class="link f5 grow no-underline br-pill ba ph3 pv2 mb2 dib black sans-serif">计算机网络</a>
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     <a href="/tags/nginx" class="link f5 grow no-underline br-pill ba ph3 pv2 mb2 dib black sans-serif">Nginx</a>
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